Pip类似RedHat里面的yum，安装Python包非常方便。本节详细介绍pip的安装、以及使用方法。

Pip下载地址：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip/8.1.2

下载最新版的pip上传到服务器的/usr/local/src目录下

cd /usr/local/src/tar zxvf pip-8.1.2.tar.gzcd pip-8.1.2python setup.py install

报错：缺少模块setuptools

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "setup.py", line 6, in <module>

from setuptools import setup, find_packages

ImportError: No module named setuptools

解决：安装setuptools模块

地址：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools

使用命令直接安装setuptools模块：

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python

上图可以安装setuptools已经正确安装，然后重新安装pip

安装完成如下图：

检测pip是否安装成功，查看pip版本：

[root@zabbix pip-8.1.2]# pip -V

pip 8.1.2 from /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.6.egg (python 2.6)

# pip install SomePackage[...]Successfully installed SomePackage

# pip show --files SomePackageName: SomePackageVersion: 1.0Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packagesFiles:../somepackage/__init__.py[...]

pip list --outdated

#可以看到图中有一个警告信息，告诉我们系统自带的python将在新版的pip失去支持，建议升级python版本。

# pip install --upgrade SomePackage[...]Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0Uninstalling SomePackage:Successfully uninstalled SomePackageRunning setup.py install for SomePackageSuccessfully installed SomePackage

$ pip uninstall SomePackageUninstalling SomePackage:/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackageProceed (y/n)? ySuccessfully uninstalled SomePackage

pip install redis

pip uninstall redis

# pip --helpUsage:pip  [options]Commands:install                     安装包.uninstall                   卸载包.freeze                      按着一定格式输出已安装包列表list                        列出已安装包.show                        显示包详细信息.search                      搜索包，类似yum里的search.wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.zip                         不推荐. Zip individual packages.unzip                       不推荐. Unzip individual packages.bundle                      不推荐. Create pybundles.help                        当前帮助.General Options:-h, --help                  显示帮助.-v, --verbose               更多的输出，最多可以使用3次-V, --version               现实版本信息然后退出.-q, --quiet                 最少的输出.--log-file 
    
                覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log--log 
     
                      不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.--proxy 
      
                    Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.--timeout 
       
                     连接超时时间 (默认15秒).--exists-action 
        
             Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.--cert 
         
           证书.
         
        
       
      
     
    

ngxtop实时解析nginx访问日志，并且将处理结果输出到终端，功能类似于系统命令top，所以这个软件起名ngxtop。有了ngxtop，你可以实时了解到当前nginx的访问状况，再也不需要tail日志看屏幕刷新。

ngxtop项目地址：https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop

4.2.1、pip安装

pip install ngxtop

#看到上图表示已经安装成功

4.2.2、源码安装ngxtop

pip uninstall ngxtop

#如果已经pip安装

cd /usr/loca/srcwget https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop/archive/master.zip -O ngxtop-master.zipunzip ngxtop-master.zip && cd ngxtop-masterpython setup.py install

#看到上图提示表示ngxtop已经安装成功

# ngxtop --helpngxtop - ad-hoc query for nginx access log.Usage:ngxtop [options]ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum)  ...ngxtop infongxtop [options] query 
     
       ...Options:-l 
      
       , --access-log 
       
          需要分析的访问日志-f 
        
         , --log-format 
         
           log_format指令指定的日志格式 [默认: combined]--no-follow ngxtop default behavior is to ignore current lines in logand only watch for new lines as they are written to the access log.Use this flag to tell ngxtop to process the current content of the access log instead.-t 
          
           , --interval 
           
             report interval when running in follow mode [default: 2.0]-g 
            , --group-by  根据变量分组 [默认: request_path]-w , --having 
               
                 having clause [default: 1]-o 
                , --order-by  排序 [默认: count]-n 
                  
                   , --limit 
                   
                     显示的条数 [default: 10]-a 
                    
                      ..., --a 
                     
                       ... add exp (must be aggregation exp: sum, avg, min, max, etc.) into output-v, --verbose 更多的输出-d, --debug print every line and parsed record-h, --help 当前帮助信息.--version 输出版本信息.高级选项:-c 
                      
                       , --config 
                       
                         运行ngxtop解析nginx配置文件-i 
                        
                         , --filter 
                         
                           filter in, records satisfied given expression are processed.-p 
                          
                           , --pre-filter 
                           
                             in-filter expression to check in pre-parsing phase.范例:All examples read nginx config file for access log location and format.If you want to specify the access log file and / or log format, use the -f and -a options."top" like view of nginx requests$ ngxtop404前十的请求$ ngxtop top request_path --filter 'status == 404'总流量前十的请求$ ngxtop --order-by 'avg(bytes_sent) * count'访问量前十的ip地址$ ngxtop --group-by remote_addr输出400以上状态吗的请求以及请求来源$ ngxtop -i 'status >= 400' print request status http_refererAverage body bytes sent of 200 responses of requested path begin with 'foo':$ ngxtop avg bytes_sent --filter 'status == 200 and request_path.startswith("foo")'使用common日志格式分析远程服务器Apache访问日志
                           
                          
                         
                        
                       
                      
                     
                    
                   
                  
               
           
          
         
        
       
      
     

$ ssh remote tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common

ngxtop -c /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

ngxtop -c /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf top remote_addr

ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status

ngxtop -n 20

ssh user@remote_server tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common

报错意思是说ngxin执行文件要加到PATH路径中，加软链接

ln -s /opt/ngixn/sbin/nginx /sbin

#修改环境变量

source /etc/profile

本文转自Linux就该这么学博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/linuxprobe/p/5848194.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者